What is a shockwave in aviation?
Shock waves are sharp, thin compression wave fronts that occur when energy is suddenly released in a medium such as gas, liquid, or solid. These waves travel at supersonic speeds and significantly elevate the pressure, density, and temperature of the medium, often leading to destructive outcomes. When an aircraft approaches the speed of sound, the airflow over the wing reaches supersonic speed before the airplane itself does, and a shock wave forms on the wing. The airflow behind the shock wave breaks up into a turbulent wake, increasing drag.
What is the principle of shock wave?
A shock wave is a transient pressure disturbance that propagates rapidly in three-dimensional space. It is associated with a sudden rise from ambient pressure to its maximum pressure. A significant tissue effect is cavitation consequent to the negative phase of the wave propagation. There are three types of shock waves discussed: normal shock waves, which are perpendicular to flow; oblique shock waves, which are at an angle to flow; and curved shock waves. Examples of normal shock wave formation and oblique shock wave applications in aircraft are provided.