What is the difference between integrated and federated avionics?
Aircraft avionics architectures can be divided into two broad categories: Federated – based upon the dedicated resource allocation mechanism; and Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) – constructed using a resource sharing mechanism. IMA is a shared set of flexible, reusable and interoperable hardware and software resources that, when integrated, form a system that provides computing resources and services to hosted applications performing aircraft functions [ED-124].
What are the three main types of navigation?
As with different ways to describe location, there are also different ways to navigate places. Three main types of navigation are celestial, GPS, and map and compass. In aviation, there are many different forms of navigating. The most popular are pilotage, dead reckoning, radio navigation (i. VORs) or astronomical navigation (i. GPS).